{"id":1105,"date":"2022-01-23T18:42:19","date_gmt":"2022-01-23T16:42:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/filosofieromaneasca.institutuldefilosofie.ro\/sifr\/?page_id=1105"},"modified":"2022-03-16T22:52:07","modified_gmt":"2022-03-16T20:52:07","slug":"relatia-dintre-suflet-psihic-si-corp-materie-in-filosofia-romaneasca","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/filosofieromaneasca.institutuldefilosofie.ro\/sifr\/volumul-16-2020\/relatia-dintre-suflet-psihic-si-corp-materie-in-filosofia-romaneasca\/","title":{"rendered":"Rela\u021bia dintre suflet\/psihic \u0219i corp\/materie \u00een filosofia rom\u00e2neasc\u0103. Antologie | Titus Lates"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"rela\u021bia-dintre-suflet-psihic-\u0219i-corp-materie-in-filosofia-romaneasca-antologie\">Rela\u021bia dintre suflet\/psihic \u0219i corp\/materie \u00een filosofia rom\u00e2neasc\u0103. Antologie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">TITUS LATES<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Institutul de Filosofie \u0219i Psihologie \u201eC. R\u0103dulescu-Motru\u201d al Academiei Rom\u00e2ne<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-normal-font-size\"><strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">\u201e[&#8230;] nu e materie f\u0103r\u0103 for\u0163\u0103, nici for\u0163\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 materie. \u00cen virtutea chiar a propriet\u0103\u0163ilor sale, materia este \u00eentr-o mi\u015fcare continu\u0103 \u015fi ve\u015fnic\u0103. Aceast\u0103 mi\u015fcare nu este uniform\u0103, ea urmeaz\u0103, \u00eentre altele, <em>legea ondula\u0163iunei universale<\/em>, [..] \u015fi d\u0103 loc la metamorfoza materiei care \u00eembrac\u0103 \u00een spa\u0163iu \u015fi timp o infinitate de <em>forme trec\u0103toare<\/em>. Sub fiecare form\u0103 nou\u0103, materia are o nou\u0103 constitu\u0163iune; \u015fi, prin urmare, propriet\u0103\u0163i nou\u0103. C\u0103ci materia \u015fi for\u0163a, fiind inseparabile (pentru c\u0103 \u00een definitiv ele nu constituiesc dec\u00e2t unul \u015fi acela\u015fi lucru considerat sub dou\u0103 puncte de vedere deosebite), urmeaz\u0103 c\u0103 una nu poate s\u0103 se schimbe f\u0103r\u0103 cealalt\u0103. La o nou\u0103 form\u0103 a materiei corespunde totdeauna o nou\u0103 form\u0103, adic\u0103 un nou mod de lucrare a for\u0163ei, \u015fi vice-versa. Astfel, for\u0163ele curat mecanice, fisice \u015fi chimice care mi\u015fc\u0103 materia sub forma neorganic\u0103 se transformeaz\u0103 \u00een for\u0163e fisiologice c\u00e2nd materia \u00eens\u0103\u015fi a luat forma organic\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">For\u0163ele fisiologice, la r\u00e2ndul lor, se diversific\u0103 \u00een acela\u015fi timp cu materiile ale c\u0103ror propriet\u0103\u0163i ele sunt. Astfel, for\u0163a de asimila\u0163iune \u015fi disimila\u0163iune este proprietatea caracteristic\u0103 a organilor de nutri\u0163iune \u00een genere, \u00een timp ce puterea de a sim\u0163i, de a g\u00e2ndi \u015fi de a voi caracterizeaz\u0103 crierii animalelor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">Sufletul deci nu e alt\u0103-ceva dec\u00e2t proprietatea crierilor: cu alte cuvinte nu e dec\u00e2t o nou\u0103 form\u0103 a for\u0163ei, corespunz\u00e2nd la o nou\u0103 form\u0103 a materiei. \u015ei precum jocul facult\u0103\u0163ilor sufletului este foarte subtil \u015fi complicat, tot a\u015fa \u015fi materia care-i serve\u015fte de baz\u0103 are o structur\u0103 \u015fi o organiza\u0163iune de cea mai mare delicate\u0163\u0103 \u015fi complica\u0163iune.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\"><strong>Vasile Conta, <em>Teoria fatalismului<\/em>, Ia\u015fi, Editura libr\u0103riei \u015ecoalelor, Fra\u0163ii \u015eara\u00adga, [1875], pp. 15, 16. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-normal-font-size\"><strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">\u201eTermenul acesta, Paralelism Psicho-Fisic, e susceptibil de dou\u0103 \u00een\u0163elesuri. Sau \u00eensemneaz\u0103 pur \u015fi simplu leg\u0103tura, concomitan\u0163a, care ve\u015fnic exist\u0103 \u00eentre manifest\u0103rile a\u015fa de heterogene ale sufletului \u015fi corpului, \u015fi \u00een acest \u00een\u0163eles, supt aceast\u0103 denumire \u00ee\u015fi poate avea locul orice teorie de explicare a acelei leg\u0103turi, sau \u2013 \u00eentr-un \u00een\u0163eles mai str\u00e2ns \u2013, aceast\u0103 expresiune, este numele unei singure teorii explicative, a teoriei celei mai noi. \u00centr-un cuv\u00e2nt, acest termen, \u00eentr-un \u00een\u0163eles mai larg, <em>indic\u0103<\/em> o problem\u0103 filosofic\u0103, \u015fi \u00een altul mai \u00eengust, <em>denume\u015fte<\/em> o teorie ce l\u0103mure\u015fte problema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">Asupra primului lucru toat\u0103 lumea e aproape de acord. \u00centre fenomenele psihice \u015fi corporale exist\u0103 o str\u00e2ns\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103. Chiar acei, pe care tradi\u0163iile mo\u015ftenite, \u015fi nevoia nemuririi, \u00eei fac cu greu s\u0103 accepte o intimitate prea mare \u00eentre fenomenele psichice superioare \u015fi anume manifest\u0103ri corporale (a\u015fa dup\u0103 cum accept\u0103 \u00eentre corp \u015fi psichicul inferior), se vor fi \u00eencredin\u0163at f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103, observ\u00e2nd cum medit\u0103rile cele mai \u00eenalte sunt \u00eenso\u0163ite de osteneal\u0103 \u015fi migrene, cum sentimentele cele mai subtile \u00ee\u0163i schimb\u0103 felul de a te \u00eenf\u0103\u0163i\u015fa, cum o d\u0103r\u0103p\u0103nare fizic\u0103 mai profund\u0103 \u00ee\u0163i scade for\u0163a de a \u00eenchipui, se vor fi \u00eencredin\u0163at c\u0103 nici aceste manifest\u0103ri supreme nu au rupt\u0103 leg\u0103tura ne\u00eencetat\u0103, cu ceea-ce de regul\u0103 se nume\u015fte: corp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">Asupra teoriei \u00eens\u0103, care s\u0103 t\u00e2lcuiasc\u0103, ce e cu aceast\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103, de unde provine, de ce este a\u015fa, lumea \u2013 vorbim de lumea priceput\u0103 \u2013 nu a fost, \u015fi nu este de acord.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\"><strong>Ioan Petrovici, <em>Parlelismul psicho-fisic<\/em>, Bucure\u015fti, Atelierele grafice I.V. Socecu, 1905, pp. 1, 2. <\/strong>Tez\u0103 pentru doctoratul \u00een filosofie la Universitatea din Bucure\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-normal-font-size\"><strong>3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">\u201eAveam \u00een fa\u0163a noastr\u0103 dou\u0103 concep\u0163ii relative la suflet, \u00eempreunate \u00een dou\u0103 solu\u0163ii la valoarea cuno\u015ftin\u0163ei: <em>a actualit\u0103\u0163ii \u015fi a substan\u0163ialit\u0103\u0163ii<\/em>. Le-am formulat, expus \u015fi criticat pe r\u00e2nd. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103 ne-am pronun\u0163at \u00een sensul c\u0103 concep\u0163ia sufletului ca o sum\u0103 de st\u0103ri actuale neput\u00e2ndu-se sus\u0163ine, dup\u0103 noi, cade \u015fi valoa\u00adrea cuno\u015ftin\u0163elor \u00eentemeiate pe aceast\u0103 concep\u0163ie: <em>c\u0103 sufletul e realitatea \u00een sine<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">\u00cencheierea cu care se termin\u0103 lucrarea e c\u0103 cuno\u015ftin\u0163ele noastre, sub ambele fe\u0163e \u2013 material\u0103 \u015fi sufleteasc\u0103 \u2013 sunt <em>relative<\/em> \u015fi deci nu exprim\u0103 de c\u00e2t o <em>lume fenomenal\u0103<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">Ultimul nostru cuv\u00e2nt e c\u0103 sistemul monismului paralelist e legat de cel mai strict fenomenalism, at\u00e2t prin laturea intern\u0103, sufleteasc\u0103, c\u00e2t \u015fi prin laturea extern\u0103, material\u0103.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\"><strong>Ilie Ghib\u0103nescu, <em>Fenomenele fizice \u015fi psihice. Raportul \u015fi valoarea lor \u00een fa\u0163a cuno\u015ftin\u0163ei<\/em>, Ia\u015fi, Tipografia Dacia Iliescu, Grossu &amp; Comp., 1907, p. 93.<\/strong> Lucrare prezentat\u0103 ca tez\u0103 pentru doctoratul \u00een filosofie la Universitatea din Ia\u015fi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-normal-font-size\"><strong>4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">\u201e\u00cen \u00eentinderea materiei, at\u00e2t c\u00e2t putem s-o vedem cu ochii \u015fi cu instrumentele optice, p\u00e2n\u0103 unde se \u00eentinde sufletul, sim\u0163irea? Dac\u0103 sufletul s-a desvoltat din materie \u015fi e unul din semnele vie\u0163ii, p\u00e2n\u0103 unde se g\u0103se\u015fte el \u00een formele materiei? Se g\u0103se\u015fte, dup\u0103 vechea credin\u0163\u0103 (Descartes), numai la om? Animalele sunt ele numai ni\u015fte automate? Azi, aceast\u0103 concep\u0163ie a disp\u0103rut \u015fi se atribuie \u015fi animalelor nu numai sim\u0163ire, dar \u015fi o oare\u015fcare inteligen\u0163\u0103. Mai mult \u00eenc\u0103, cuget\u0103tori \u00eensemna\u0163i \u015fi\u2011au pus \u00eentrebarea \u015fi au c\u0103utat s\u0103-i dea un r\u0103spuns afirmativ: dac\u0103 nu cum-va un fel de suflet se va fi g\u0103sind \u015fi la plante (G. Th. Fechner).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">\u015ei oare se poate opri ipoteza numai aci? Materia, \u00een genere, n-o fi av\u00e2nd oare un substrat indivizibil, care s\u0103 se asemene cu ceva sufletesc?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">Acestea sunt f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103 chestii de specula\u0163ii filosofice, metafisice; dar psihologia trebuie s\u0103 le cunoasc\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">Se zice c\u0103 e un mare mister (Du Bois-Reymond) na\u015fterea sufletului din materie. Dar, dup\u0103 cum dintr-un germene se desvolt\u0103 o fiin\u0163\u0103 pentru-c\u0103 a existat \u00een mod latent \u00een germene predispozi\u0163ia pentru desvoltarea acelei fiin\u0163e, nu s-o fi desvoltat tot a\u015fa din materie sufletul? N-o fi existat \u00een materie, latent, predispozi\u0163ia care s\u0103 fac\u0103 posibil\u0103 na\u015fterea sufletului? Acea predispozi\u0163ie ar putea s\u0103 fie corelatul psihic al materiei.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\"><strong>I. G\u0103v\u0103nescul, \u201eCurentele \u015fi preocup\u0103rile psihologiei contimporane\u201d, \u00een <em>Cultura rom\u00e2n\u0103<\/em> (Ia\u015fi), anul V, no. 2, 1907, p. 63.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-normal-font-size\"><strong>5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">\u201e\u00cen marele c\u00e2mp de experien\u0163\u0103 al naturii constat\u0103m c\u0103 manifest\u0103rile suflete\u015fti se ridic\u0103 treptat dup\u0103 un anumit plan de organiza\u0163ie anatomic\u0103 \u015fi fiziologic\u0103; anu\u00admite manifest\u0103ri suflete\u015fti apar deodat\u0103 cu anumite forme \u015fi func\u0163iuni fiziologice; nu exist\u0103 joc liber pentru manifest\u0103rile suflete\u015fti; exist\u0103 numai o corela\u0163ie str\u00e2ns\u0103 \u015fi o succesiune inexorabil\u0103 \u00eentre momentele suflete\u015fti \u015fi orga\u00adniza\u0163ia material\u0103. \u00centreb\u0103rile, c\u00e2nd \u00eencep manifest\u0103rile suflete\u015fti \u00een regnul animal sau care animale au suflet, sunt \u00eentreb\u0103ri f\u0103r\u0103 \u00een\u0163eles \u00een \u015ftiin\u0163a naturii. Seria de apari\u0163ie a organismelor animale este dominat\u0103 de legea general\u0103 biogenetic\u0103, dup\u0103 care speciile de animale precum \u015fi individualit\u0103\u0163ile animale venite \u00een urm\u0103 reca\u00adpi\u00adtu\u00adleaz\u0103, \u00een dispozi\u0163iunea organismului lor, formele \u015fi func\u0163iunile speciilor \u015fi indivi\u00addua\u00adlit\u0103\u0163ilor care au precedat; un hiatus de la care s\u0103 dateze un \u00eenceput al vie\u0163ii sufletului nu exist\u0103. Via\u0163a sufleteasc\u0103 are acela\u015fi \u00eendep\u0103rtat \u00eenceput ca \u015fi via\u0163a bio\u00adlo\u00adgic\u0103, una \u015fi alta sunt \u00eentr-o str\u00e2ns\u0103 corela\u0163ie prin legea biogenetic\u0103 care le st\u0103 la baz\u0103.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\"><strong>Constantin R\u0103dulescu-Motru, <em>Curs de psihologie<\/em>, Bucure\u015fti, Cultura Na\u0163ional\u0103, 1923, p. 37.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-normal-font-size\"><strong>6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">\u201eVia\u0163a sufleteasc\u0103 nu e, dup\u0103 cum crede Bergson, crea\u0163iune perpetu\u0103, fiindc\u0103 e evolu\u0163ie, schimbare continu\u0103. Nu exist\u0103 numai inedit \u015fi original \u00een decursul vie\u0163ii noastre psihice. Anumite puncte devin solide, opun rezisten\u0163\u0103 curgerii permanente, se \u00eencheag\u0103 \u00een for\u0163e inerente care-\u015fi impun mereu punctul de vedere \u015fi voiesc s\u0103 priveasc\u0103 viea\u0163a dup\u0103 criteriul lor de forme fixe. Aceste structuri condensate care opresc noutatea ve\u015fnic\u0103 \u015fi fixeaz\u0103 stabilitatea sufletului nostru, sunt rezultatul unei \u00eendelungi func\u0163ion\u0103ri suflete\u015fti. Dup\u0103 cum \u00een Biologie \u0163esutul conjunctiv se formeaz\u0103 din celulele vii, chiar dac\u0103 acestea nu sunt atinse de nici o boal\u0103, numai prin simpla lor func\u0163ionare, tot a\u015fa sufletul \u00ee\u015fi creeaz\u0103 structuri mai pu\u0163in vii, mai pu\u0163in plastice, dar mai stabile. Orice act sufletesc repetat devine form\u0103, sau cel pu\u0163in tinde c\u0103tre aceasta. Dar aceasta odat\u0103 \u00eenchegat\u0103 impune noilor achizi\u0163ii, o interpretare a experien\u0163ei dup\u0103 propriile ei criterii, a\u015fa cum a ar\u0103tat Kant\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\"><strong>Mihai Ralea, \u201eAsupra satura\u0163iei fenomenelor suflete\u015fti\u201d, \u00een <em>Minerva<\/em>, anul I, nr. 1, 1927, pp. 144\u2013155. <\/strong>Apud Mihai D. Ralea, <em>Psihologie \u015fi viea\u0163\u0103<\/em>, Bucure\u015fti, Funda\u0163ia pentru Literatur\u0103 \u015fi Art\u0103 \u201eRegele Carol II\u201d, 1938, p. 36.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-normal-font-size\"><strong>7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">\u201eSe poate sus\u0163ine o clip\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 a preciza, c\u0103 \u00abg\u00e2ndirea este o secre\u0163iune material\u0103 a creerului\u00bb, un produs material al organismului. Compara\u0163ia aceasta (de fapt, mult mai greu de f\u0103cut dec\u00e2t celelalte, din cauza a\u015fa de redusei identit\u0103\u0163i ini\u0163iale: simpla <em>rela\u0163ie general\u0103<\/em> dintre o func\u0163iune \u015fi un organ, comun\u0103 g\u00e2ndirii \u015fi fenomenelor de secre\u0163iune) poate \u00een\u015fela un moment pe un materialist fanatic pe care-l jeneaz\u0103 caracterul specific, caracterul unic al fenomenelor suflete\u015fti, \u00een raport cu celelalte fenomene din lume. Dar la prima \u00eencercare de a ar\u0103ta precis ce <em>fel<\/em> de secre\u0163iune este aceast\u0103 g\u00e2ndire care se simte numai \u00een \u00abinteriorul\u00bb con\u015ftiin\u0163ei noastre \u015fi care nu are nimic a face cu materialitatea unei secre\u0163iuni, g\u00e2ndirea a ie\u015fit din genul \u00absecre\u0163iunii\u00bb \u015fi a intrat \u00een clasa fenomenelor de con\u015ftiin\u0163\u0103, perfect eterogene fa\u0163\u0103 de fenomenele materiei.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\"><strong>Alexandru Claudian, \u201eProblema logic\u0103 a analogiei \u015fi factorii subiectivi tul\u00adbu\u00adr\u0103tori\u201d, \u00een <em>Cunoa\u015ftere \u015fi suflet<\/em>, Ia\u015fi, Tipografia Alexandru \u0162erec, 1940, p. 131.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-normal-font-size\"><strong>8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">\u201e[&#8230;] cred c\u0103 problema corp-suflet, se rezolv\u0103 din punct de vedere metafizic, odat\u0103 cu \u00eentrebarea cea mare a corelatului om-cosmos, a\u015fa c\u0103 orice concluzie ce s\u2011ar putea pune cu privire la una din probleme, se aplic\u0103 prin analogie \u015fi celeilalte.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\"><strong>I. Bruc\u0103r, <em>Probleme noui \u00een filosofie<\/em>, Bucure\u015fti, Societatea Rom\u00e2n\u0103 de Filosofie, 1931, p. 108.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-normal-font-size\"><strong>9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">\u201eConvingerea noastr\u0103 este c\u0103 nu exist\u0103 cauzalitate psihic\u0103, adic\u0103 o influen\u0163\u0103 a sufletului asupra sa, fiindc\u0103 sufletul nu este format din mai mul\u0163i indivizi care, cum \u015ftim, ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 cauzal, datorit\u0103 propriet\u0103\u0163ilor lor generale. Psihicul are senza\u0163ii, imagini, sentimente, idei, etc. care sunt factori generali; de aceea ei \u00een\u015fi\u015fi nu ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 cu de la sine putere. Numai iluzoriu senza\u0163iile, imaginile etc. sunt tratate ca ni\u015fte mici indivizi sau \u00abcon\u0163inuturi\u00bb ale sufletului. Nu este singurul exemplu de general metamorfozat \u00een individual. A\u015fadar, nu sufletul ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 nemijlocit asupra sa, ci sufletul ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 asupra sa prin mijlocirea corpului (materiei). \u00cen orice ac\u0163iune a sufletului asupra corpului (ac\u0163iune direct\u0103) sau asupra sufletului \u00eensu\u015fi (ac\u0163iune indirect\u0103) totdeauna exist\u0103 ca fundament o ac\u0163iune a corpului (fizicului) asupra corpului (fizicului), a\u015fa cum cere principiul cauzalit\u0103\u0163ii \u00eenchise a naturii \u015fi principiul conserv\u0103rii energiei. Numai raportul recesiv explic\u0103 aceast\u0103 posibilitate: psihicul ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 asupra fizicului prin intermediul fizicului de care el este legat recesiv. Rolul ce revine psihicului este rolul inerent con\u015ftiin\u0163ei, de a conduce procesele fizice f\u0103r\u0103 ca prin aceasta s\u0103 cheltuiasc\u0103 energie. Acolo unde apare con\u015ftiin\u0163a, materia este utilizat\u0103 ca mijloc \u00een vederea scopurilor omene\u015fti. Este dar adev\u0103rat c\u0103 <em>mens agitat molem<\/em>, \u00eens\u0103 totdeauna cu ajutorul materiei \u015fi cu respectul legilor fizice\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\"><strong>Mircea Florian, <em>Recesivitatea ca structur\u0103 a lumii<\/em>, vol. I, text integral, ed. \u00eengrijit\u0103, postfa\u0163\u0103 \u015fi note de Nicolae Gogonea\u0163\u0103, cu un cuv\u00e2nt preliminar de Anca Florian Neagu, Bucure\u015fti, Editura Funda\u0163iei Pro, 2003, p. 472. <\/strong>Lucrare elaborat\u0103 \u00een perioada 1950\u20131960.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-normal-font-size\"><strong>10<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">\u201eSe pare c\u0103 sistemul omului, ca orice sistem, se \u00eentoarce la sistemele fizice. Ceea ce este exact. Dar numai \u00een virtutea \u015ftiin\u0163ei guvernate de logica clasic\u0103 a unei riguroase necontradic\u0163ii, care exclude, cum am v\u0103zut, procesul antagonist \u015fi contradictoriu al actualiz\u0103rilor \u015fi poten\u0163ializ\u0103rilor necesarmente limitate de contradic\u0163ia fundamental\u0103 a \u00eens\u0103\u015fi naturii energiei. De asemenea, o anumit\u0103 con\u015ftiin\u0163\u0103 a con\u015ftiin\u0163ei sistemului nervos central al omului i-a dezv\u0103luit c\u0103 ceva trebuia s\u0103 d\u0103inuie, nu putea s\u0103 dispar\u0103 total. Ceva care nu se prezenta ca fizic, pe care nu-l vedeam, nu-l ghiceam sau postulam dincolo de experien\u0163a imediat\u0103 \u015fi care a fost numit \u00absuflet\u00bb, un fel de realitate imaterial\u0103, adic\u0103 transfizic\u0103, metafizic\u0103, ce se impunea cu o anume for\u0163\u0103 unei mul\u0163imi de fiin\u0163e umane, din timpurile cele mai \u00eendep\u0103rtate p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een cele actuale, \u00een medita\u0163ia filosofic\u0103 individual\u0103, ca \u015fi \u00een marile \u015fi feluritele societ\u0103\u0163i religioase. Aici se manifest\u0103 un fel de intui\u0163ie mitic\u0103 a posibilit\u0103\u0163ilor de poten\u0163ializare, dar nu pot ajunge p\u00e2n\u0103 la dispari\u0163ie, c\u0103ci intui\u0163ia genereaz\u0103 psihismul prin con\u015ftiin\u0163a con\u015ftiin\u0163ei \u015fi a cunoa\u015fterii cunoa\u015fterii pe care o \u00eeng\u0103duie \u015fi o dezvolt\u0103.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\"><strong>St\u00e9phane Lupasco, <em>L\u2019Univers psychique<\/em>, Paris, Deno\u00ebl\/Gonthier, 1979.<\/strong> Apud \u015etefan Lupa\u015fcu, <em>Universul psihic&nbsp;: sf\u00e2r\u015fitul psihanalizei<\/em>, traducere \u015fi studiu introductiv de Vasile Sporici, Ia\u015fi, Institutul European, 2000, pp. 228, 229.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-default\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"> [<em>Studii de istorie a filosofiei rom\u00e2ne\u015fti<\/em>, vol. XVI:<em> Rela\u021bia minte\u2013corp<\/em>, Bucure\u015fti, Editura Academiei Rom\u00e2ne, 2020, pp.&nbsp;211\u2013216] <\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"gap: 20px;\" class=\"align-button-left ub-buttons orientation-button-row ub-flex-wrap wp-block-ub-button\" id=\"ub-button-92272a4d-f982-41a6-8794-0176eb51aa19\"><div class=\"ub-button-container\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/filosofieromaneasca.institutuldefilosofie.ro\/sifr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Lates-Titus-Bibliografie-tematica-Relatia-dintre-suflet-psihic-si-corp-materie.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" class=\"ub-button-block-main   ub-button-flex\" role=\"button\" style=\"--ub-button-background-color: var(--ast-global-color-4); --ub-button-color: var(--ast-global-color-1); --ub-button-border: none; --ub-button-hover-background-color: var(--ast-global-color-7); --ub-button-hover-color: #ffffff; --ub-button-hover-border: none; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; \">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ub-button-content-holder\" style=\"flex-direction: row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ub-button-icon-holder\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" height=\"25\" width=\"25\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M0 64C0 28.7 28.7 0 64 0H224V128c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32H384V304H296 272 184 160c-35.3 0-64 28.7-64 64v80 48 16H64c-35.3 0-64-28.7-64-64V64zm384 64H256V0L384 128zM160 352h24c30.9 0 56 25.1 56 56s-25.1 56-56 56h-8v32c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16s-16-7.2-16-16V448 368c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16zm24 80c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24s-10.7-24-24-24h-8v48h8zm88-80h24c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48v64c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H272c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V368c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16zm24 128c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V400c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16h-8v96h8zm72-112c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16h48c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16s-7.2 16-16 16H400v32h32c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16s-7.2 16-16 16H400v48c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16s-16-7.2-16-16V432 368z\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t<\/span><span class=\"ub-button-block-btn\">Descarc\u0103<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rela\u021bia dintre suflet\/psihic \u0219i corp\/materie \u00een filosofia rom\u00e2neasc\u0103. Antologie TITUS LATES Institutul de Filosofie \u0219i Psihologie \u201eC. R\u0103dulescu-Motru\u201d al Academiei Rom\u00e2ne 1 \u201e[&#8230;] nu e materie f\u0103r\u0103 for\u0163\u0103, nici for\u0163\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 materie. \u00cen virtutea chiar a propriet\u0103\u0163ilor sale, materia este \u00eentr-o mi\u015fcare continu\u0103 \u015fi ve\u015fnic\u0103. Aceast\u0103 mi\u015fcare nu este uniform\u0103, ea urmeaz\u0103, \u00eentre altele, legea [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":21,"menu_order":12,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[201,195,203,14,262],"tags":[230],"class_list":["post-1105","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-bibliografii","category-articole","category-bibliografii-tematice","category-sifr16","category-titus-lates","tag-problema-minte-corp"],"featured_image_src":null,"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"SIFR","author_link":"https:\/\/filosofieromaneasca.institutuldefilosofie.ro\/sifr\/author\/mm\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Rela\u021bia dintre suflet\/psihic \u0219i corp\/materie \u00een filosofia rom\u00e2neasc\u0103. Antologie TITUS LATES Institutul de Filosofie \u0219i Psihologie \u201eC. R\u0103dulescu-Motru\u201d al Academiei Rom\u00e2ne 1 \u201e[&#8230;] nu e materie f\u0103r\u0103 for\u0163\u0103, nici for\u0163\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 materie. \u00cen virtutea chiar a propriet\u0103\u0163ilor sale, materia este \u00eentr-o mi\u015fcare continu\u0103 \u015fi ve\u015fnic\u0103. Aceast\u0103 mi\u015fcare nu este uniform\u0103, ea urmeaz\u0103, \u00eentre altele, legea&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/filosofieromaneasca.institutuldefilosofie.ro\/sifr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1105","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/filosofieromaneasca.institutuldefilosofie.ro\/sifr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/filosofieromaneasca.institutuldefilosofie.ro\/sifr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filosofieromaneasca.institutuldefilosofie.ro\/sifr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filosofieromaneasca.institutuldefilosofie.ro\/sifr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1105"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/filosofieromaneasca.institutuldefilosofie.ro\/sifr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1105\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5830,"href":"https:\/\/filosofieromaneasca.institutuldefilosofie.ro\/sifr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1105\/revisions\/5830"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filosofieromaneasca.institutuldefilosofie.ro\/sifr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/filosofieromaneasca.institutuldefilosofie.ro\/sifr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1105"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filosofieromaneasca.institutuldefilosofie.ro\/sifr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1105"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filosofieromaneasca.institutuldefilosofie.ro\/sifr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1105"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}